While English is certainly not the first alien language that this terminology has encountered, it is one of the most widely spoken languages in recent history. This has given rise to a set of peculiar English words that are so commonly used by Muslims that perhaps they have never been given a second glance, such as “ablution” for wuḍūʿ, “circumambulation” for ṭawāf, or “Lord” for rabb. While some of these terms may be faithful to the lexical meaning of the word, some of these words deserve to be revisited to align the meaning closer to the understanding of Muslims of the past.

The codification of the principles of recitation is intimately linked with the codification of the rules of the Arabic language in the early generations. Then it became an independent science with specialized books, taking on a new name—the science of tajwīd. The following is a survey of the development of the science of tajwīd and the history of authorship in it.

Coffee left an indelible mark on premodern Muslim societies, impacting their daily lives, gatherings, and even their poetry. In this post, we delve into a series of captivating moments in history, aptly named The Qahwah Chronicles.